Throughout history, man has created waste. As the industrial revolution kicked into high gear and the population grew, the waste piles increased. Around the middle of the 20th century, people grew interested in finding ways to reuse some of the generated wastes. Members of the hippy movement of the '60s came together in the '70s to form commune groups, making recycling a real group effort.
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
Today, companies often make purchasing decisions based on the ability to recycle or how biodegradable they might be. Many companies are finding that such actions save considerable dollars as the costs for disposal are greatly reduced, or even eliminated.
The concept of zero waste seems simple. The idea is that as materials come into a plant, none of it is sent to a landfill or a disposal company after the product is completed. Scraps are reused, new markets are found for byproducts and the rest of the materials are sent to a recycling company
Can it be done?
There are plenty of skeptics that do not believe most plants can become zero-waste operations. They argue it cannot be done in a fiscally responsible way. While nearly anything might be possible, is it really worth any cost? If a product that normally sells for one Dollar ends up selling for $20 in order to achieve zero waste, will there be a market to sell the product?
California recently passed a rule requiring companies to acknowledge all of the chemical constituents of their products. If the state decides one of the chemicals could be considered hazardous, they will tell the company to find another chemical to use. Only time will tell how such a rule will impact product quality.
The federal EPA followed suit and passed a similar rule. Additionally, they are going to begin denying companies the ability to declare confidentiality. In the past, a company could declare that certain chemical information should remain confidential to avoid allowing competitors the ability to know their processes. If the EPA has its way, there will be fewer corporate secrets and they will have more control over what chemicals are used in production processes.
While the goals of these projects seem noble enough, the consumer may not be pleased. For example, most people can enjoy a good chocolate chip cookie. But, if the butter is not used in the recipe and carob chips are substituted for the chocolate, consumers will not be pleased with the results, even if it is edible. A case in point comes to mind when vegetarians tried to introduce the tofu turkey as a substitute for turkey. After all this time, faux turkey is just not catching on.
Don't give up
The goal of zero waste may seem lofty but that does not mean that it is unachievable. Consider that McDonald's Corp. traditionally wins the best french fries category each year. A few years ago, some activists groups put pressure on the company saying that the oils they used were causing their customers to consume unhealthy fats.
The company put their crack research team on a project to come up with healthier oil while maintaining the taste customers had come to expect. After years of searching, they now use a healthier oil in their process and the taste is preserved.
Some automotive manufactures have proclaimed that some of their facilities have achieved zero waste. The single largest impact on their waste control was to require suppliers use reusable shipping containers. Now, when a shipment of parts arrives, they reload the empty containers to be returned to the supplier. Toyota Motor Sales said that they saved 17.6 million pounds of wood and cardboard in 2008 with the implementation of such a program.
Ideas abound on ways to reduce waste. Search the Internet for "zero waste." Add the name of a company to the search to find what steps are being taken by others. Then take a look around or create a waste panel with the floor staff to brainstorm ideas. Just don't give up.
Bigham, Roy
Source Citation
Bigham, Roy. "Zero waste: some people don't think it is possible to have a zero-waste operation. With today's available technology, we can get really close." Pollution Engineering June 2012: 40. Environmental Studies and Policy. Web. 18 June 2012.
Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA292088547&v=2.1&u=22054_acld&it=r&p=PPES&sw=w
Gale Document Number: GALE|A292088547
Showing posts with label Dryer Vent Cleaner. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dryer Vent Cleaner. Show all posts
Monday, June 18, 2012
Tuesday, May 8, 2012
Life's building blocks can grow close to home: complex organicchemicals may be common near stars
Though life is a complicated brew, some of its ingredients can be plucked from Earth's backyard instead of being imported from more distant interstellar fields.
In a new study, scientists suggest that complex organic molecules--such as the amino acids that build proteins and the ringed bases that form nucleic acids--grow on the icy dust grains that lived in the infant solar system. All it takes are high-energy ultraviolet photons to provoke the rearrangement of chemical elements in the grains' frozen sheaths.
If making these organic ingredients happens this readily, then exoplanetary systems are probably seeded with the same fertile, organic pastures. "Anywhere you have ice and high-energy ultraviolet radiation, this process is going to take place. And those are both pretty common in the universe," says planetary scientist Dante Lauretta of the University of Arizona.
In the new work, reported online March 29 in Science, researchers simulated the young solar nebula, a swirling disk of gas and dust that surrounded the sun until planets began forming, about 4.5 billion years ago. Over a 1-million-year period, the team tracked the individual movements of 5,000 dust grains, tiny organic-toting particles covered in ices made from compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, methanol and ammonia.
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
"We wanted to know exactly what conditions those ice particles were seeing," says coauthor Fred Ciesla, a planetary scientist at the University of Chicago. "It's a turbulent environment, and every particle follows its own path."
Grains lofted above the disk's plane met warmer temperatures and high-energy ultraviolet photons--the catalysts needed to convert elements in the simple ices to more complex molecules. In these types of reactions, photons striking chemical bonds create what study coauthor Scott Sandford calls "unhappy radicals and ions"--species that are highly reactive and ready to recombine. As warming temperatures cause the ices to evaporate, those elements can find partners and form new molecules.
Even though it's relatively easy to create these rearranged molecules, scientists can't really predict which will form, because the chemical reactions don't follow familiar rules. "It's a bit like saying, 'I'm going to give you 10 kinds of Lego blocks, feel free to stack them in any combination you want,'" says Sandford, an astrophysicist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, Calif.
But with enough photons slamming into enough dust grains in the early solar nebula, it's hard to avoid making complex molecules this way, Ciesla says.
Astrobiologists have identified such molecules as characters in the story of life's origins, and there's abundant evidence that they can survive in space. Scientists autopsying meteorites have found amino acids and nucleobases.
In the lab, researchers have shown how such compounds could be made astrochemically. By applying organic ices to tiny surfaces in a frigid vacuum, and then irradiating them, teams have produced an array of molecules, including one that spontaneously organizes itself into membranes, says Jason Dworkin, an astrobiologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.
Swirling around the young sun, organic-laden ice grains eventually clustered and clumped. The clumps grew into comets and asteroids that bore these molecules to Earth, depositing them in fiery collisions or lighting the infant skies with an organic-rich hailstorm. "I think it's well established that extraterrestrial compounds were delivered in this way," Dworkin says. It's not clear how much the space travelers contributed to the population of organic compounds on Earth, but their mode of delivery was certainly convenient. "If you want to build Lego castles, having Lego bricks falling out of the sky is not a bad idea," Sandford says.
Flinging rocks at Earth is not the only way to deposit organics. "I've never felt I had to look for an extraterrestrial source of amino acids to understand how amino acids could have arisen on this planet," says geochemist George Cody of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. But lots of irradiated icy particles in the solar nebula, as Ciesla and Sandford have proposed, make a tantalizing natural reservoir, he says.
Scientists are still considering whether materials made on Earth helped supply organics. It seems likely, although any complex molecules would have needed to survive the planet's violent growth spasms, marked by magma oceans and extreme temperatures. Both extraterrestrial and homegrown processes probably played a role, Ciesla says. "These organics will be there to incorporate into planets as they form, or in later delivery, after the planets form, which could be interesting in terms of astrobiology."
Soon, scientists should have a better idea of the array of molecules that live on asteroids. In 2016, NASA will fire the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft at asteroid 1999 RQ36 (the subject of a renaming contest this fall) to scrape off some of its surface and return the samples to Earth in 2023, providing possible clues to the solar system's early years.
"Any organic molecule is going to be interesting for deciphering the history of the solar system," says Lauretta, the principal investigator for the mission. "But for tracing the origin of life, we really focus in on the building blocks."
Life's Legos growing nearby implies a high likelihood of such organic pastures in other planetary systems. "As far as the chemistry goes," Dworkin says, "this appears universal."
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Ice in the sun A new simulation tracked the journey (white) of an icy grain in the newborn solar system over I million years. The grain moves from the outer reaches of the dusty protoplanetary disk (starting at pink diamond) toward the sun (reaching the blue circle). Along the way, the particle migrates vertically within the disk. As it bounces in and out of the disk's plane, the particle encounters ultraviolet photons--dramatically more at the fringes (red) than in the center (black). These photons can catalyze chemical reactions on the grain's surface.
Drake, Nadia
Source Citation
Drake, Nadia. "Life's building blocks can grow close to home: complex organic chemicals may be common near stars." Science News 21 Apr. 2012: 5+. Environmental Studies and Policy. Web. 8 May 2012.
Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA288428356&v=2.1&u=22054_acld&it=r&p=PPES&sw=w
Gale Document Number: GALE|A288428356
In a new study, scientists suggest that complex organic molecules--such as the amino acids that build proteins and the ringed bases that form nucleic acids--grow on the icy dust grains that lived in the infant solar system. All it takes are high-energy ultraviolet photons to provoke the rearrangement of chemical elements in the grains' frozen sheaths.
If making these organic ingredients happens this readily, then exoplanetary systems are probably seeded with the same fertile, organic pastures. "Anywhere you have ice and high-energy ultraviolet radiation, this process is going to take place. And those are both pretty common in the universe," says planetary scientist Dante Lauretta of the University of Arizona.
In the new work, reported online March 29 in Science, researchers simulated the young solar nebula, a swirling disk of gas and dust that surrounded the sun until planets began forming, about 4.5 billion years ago. Over a 1-million-year period, the team tracked the individual movements of 5,000 dust grains, tiny organic-toting particles covered in ices made from compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, methanol and ammonia.
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
"We wanted to know exactly what conditions those ice particles were seeing," says coauthor Fred Ciesla, a planetary scientist at the University of Chicago. "It's a turbulent environment, and every particle follows its own path."
Grains lofted above the disk's plane met warmer temperatures and high-energy ultraviolet photons--the catalysts needed to convert elements in the simple ices to more complex molecules. In these types of reactions, photons striking chemical bonds create what study coauthor Scott Sandford calls "unhappy radicals and ions"--species that are highly reactive and ready to recombine. As warming temperatures cause the ices to evaporate, those elements can find partners and form new molecules.
Even though it's relatively easy to create these rearranged molecules, scientists can't really predict which will form, because the chemical reactions don't follow familiar rules. "It's a bit like saying, 'I'm going to give you 10 kinds of Lego blocks, feel free to stack them in any combination you want,'" says Sandford, an astrophysicist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, Calif.
But with enough photons slamming into enough dust grains in the early solar nebula, it's hard to avoid making complex molecules this way, Ciesla says.
Astrobiologists have identified such molecules as characters in the story of life's origins, and there's abundant evidence that they can survive in space. Scientists autopsying meteorites have found amino acids and nucleobases.
In the lab, researchers have shown how such compounds could be made astrochemically. By applying organic ices to tiny surfaces in a frigid vacuum, and then irradiating them, teams have produced an array of molecules, including one that spontaneously organizes itself into membranes, says Jason Dworkin, an astrobiologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.
Swirling around the young sun, organic-laden ice grains eventually clustered and clumped. The clumps grew into comets and asteroids that bore these molecules to Earth, depositing them in fiery collisions or lighting the infant skies with an organic-rich hailstorm. "I think it's well established that extraterrestrial compounds were delivered in this way," Dworkin says. It's not clear how much the space travelers contributed to the population of organic compounds on Earth, but their mode of delivery was certainly convenient. "If you want to build Lego castles, having Lego bricks falling out of the sky is not a bad idea," Sandford says.
Flinging rocks at Earth is not the only way to deposit organics. "I've never felt I had to look for an extraterrestrial source of amino acids to understand how amino acids could have arisen on this planet," says geochemist George Cody of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. But lots of irradiated icy particles in the solar nebula, as Ciesla and Sandford have proposed, make a tantalizing natural reservoir, he says.
Scientists are still considering whether materials made on Earth helped supply organics. It seems likely, although any complex molecules would have needed to survive the planet's violent growth spasms, marked by magma oceans and extreme temperatures. Both extraterrestrial and homegrown processes probably played a role, Ciesla says. "These organics will be there to incorporate into planets as they form, or in later delivery, after the planets form, which could be interesting in terms of astrobiology."
Soon, scientists should have a better idea of the array of molecules that live on asteroids. In 2016, NASA will fire the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft at asteroid 1999 RQ36 (the subject of a renaming contest this fall) to scrape off some of its surface and return the samples to Earth in 2023, providing possible clues to the solar system's early years.
"Any organic molecule is going to be interesting for deciphering the history of the solar system," says Lauretta, the principal investigator for the mission. "But for tracing the origin of life, we really focus in on the building blocks."
Life's Legos growing nearby implies a high likelihood of such organic pastures in other planetary systems. "As far as the chemistry goes," Dworkin says, "this appears universal."
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Ice in the sun A new simulation tracked the journey (white) of an icy grain in the newborn solar system over I million years. The grain moves from the outer reaches of the dusty protoplanetary disk (starting at pink diamond) toward the sun (reaching the blue circle). Along the way, the particle migrates vertically within the disk. As it bounces in and out of the disk's plane, the particle encounters ultraviolet photons--dramatically more at the fringes (red) than in the center (black). These photons can catalyze chemical reactions on the grain's surface.
Drake, Nadia
Source Citation
Drake, Nadia. "Life's building blocks can grow close to home: complex organic chemicals may be common near stars." Science News 21 Apr. 2012: 5+. Environmental Studies and Policy. Web. 8 May 2012.
Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA288428356&v=2.1&u=22054_acld&it=r&p=PPES&sw=w
Gale Document Number: GALE|A288428356
Tuesday, February 1, 2011
Horns of plenty: when it comes to reconstructing spiny dinosaurs, toomany bones can be as confusing as too few.(includes related articles onthe ceratopsids horned dinosaurs).
You can never know too much about a dinosaur. Consider the ceratopsids, large-headed, barrel-chested plant eaters that roamed the lowlands of North America near the end of the dinosaur era. Ceratopsids all had fairly standard-issue bodies, but their heads were decked with kaleidoscopic combinations of horns, hooks, studs, and spurs.
Most flamboyant of all were the centrosaurs, slightly older, rhino-sized ceratopsid cousins of the bigger, better-known horned dinosaur Triceratops. Why so many different kinds of headgear? Did they belong to animals of different ages? Different sexes? Different species? It's hard to tell.
The reason we know about all that variation is that ceratopsids lived and died in vast herds, leaving behind bone beds that give paleontologists like me a lot of information to work with. It would be wonderful if those beds were bulging with good fossils -- perfectly preserved records of animals of both sexes, all ages, and every single species. Instead we have to settle for second or third best. A paleontologist might find a complete, well-preserved skeleton of one animal -- but if that animal was a half-grown male, it might say little about adult females (just as the skeleton of a Texas Longhorn bull calf might give a misleading picture of a Jersey milk cow). Alternatively, a paleontologist might have to piece together a single skull from pieces of many poorly preserved ones. At best, the result would be a fairly good composite of a creature that never existed as an individual; at worst, it would be a mishmash of young and old, male and female.
Scientists who study dinosaurs can afford to be wishy-washy about the models we propose. The artist who make models of those dinosaurs, on the other hand, must choose. How big? What pose? Horns or no horns? In the centrosaur models that follow, part of a traveling exhibit called Ceratopsians: Life and Times of the Horned Dinosaurs, artists contracted by the Dinamation International Society worked with paleontologists to give the bones of these creatures a new lease on life. Pairing the models with the skulls on which they are based shows how much imagination goes into building dinosaurs from the bones up. But in many cases the bones themselves are reconstructions, too -- and works of just as much hard thought and imaginative daring as the models they inspired.
CENTROSAURUS
With its deep skull and hefty nasal horn, Centrosaurus is the classic centrosaur. It is also one of the best known, thanks to bone beds being excavated in Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada, by paleontologists from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. Field teams have discovered thousands of bones packed in river sediments, along with teeth from crocodiles and meat-eating dinosaurs. Apparently a Centrosaurus herd drowned while crossing a river, and scavengers feasted.
The jumbled-up bones from such mass deaths show that Centrosaurus probably reached adulthood in three to four years, as fast as large mammals do today. Fossils of young centrosaurs lack most of the horns, spurs, and other skull decorations that fused to the frill in adults. Since those decorations are the easiest way to tell one kind of centrosaur from another, it's risky to try to identify centrosaur fossils from the remains of young animals alone.
MONOCLONIUS
Skull from the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa
Since its discovery, this contemporary of Centrosaurus has been a shadowy and controversial member of the centrosaur clan. Monoclonius was named on the basis of a few bones, skull fragments, and teeth found in Montana in 1876 by the prodigious dinosaur hunter Edward Drinker Cope. Since then several skull fragments have been discovered, but only one complete skull of the creature has turned up. It shows that Monoclonius resembled Centrosaurus but had a smooth frill (Centrosaurus frills have short barbs called epoccipitals curling forward over the frill at the back of the skull).
Many paleontologists, in fact, think Monoclonius and Centrosaurus wee the same animal. The so-called Monoclonius skull, they say, actually belonged to a young Centrosaurus whose frill decorations hadn't developed yet. But others hold that the disputed skull was unmistakably adult (it's big for one thing) and that the two dinosaurs were different animals.
AVACERATOPS
When it was first identified in 1986 by the paleontologist Peter Dodson, Avaceratops was the first new ceratopsid discovered in thirty-six years. Check out the brow horns. No other known centrosaur had them, but there is evidence that ceratopsid ancestors from Asia and North America did. One branch of the family, the centrosaurs, gradually lost them, while another branch -- the line leading to Triceratops and its closest relatives -- kept them and carried them to breathtaking extremes.
So far only two Avaceratops skulls have been found, one with a frill but no horns, the other with a frill and horns but no face. The skull shown in the photograph, and the model based on it, are composites based on those specimens. Paleontologists are hedging their bets. If better fossils turn up, this odd creature might prove the key to a peculiar byway in centrosaur evolution. Otherwise it could disappear from the textbooks.
BRACHYCERATOPS
This creature is another puzzler. For a long time Brachyceratops was known mainly from several partial skeletons identified in 1914. The skulls were plain and primitive looking -- but they also came from young animals. If their owners had grown up, would they have blossomed into something a little fancier -- maybe a young Einiosaurus or Achelosaurus (see page 30)? Or were they just quirky, old-fashioned, dowdy dinosaurs?
More-mature-looking fossils discovered since then may help to resolve the identity crisis. Meanwhile, paleontologists and model makers have an excellent idea of what a young Brachyceratops looked like. They just don't know what it really was.
STYRACOSAURUS
This outrageous-looking creature had the longest nasal horn of any known ceratopsid (the bony core alone is twenty inches long). It also sported six huge spikes sprouting from its frill, as well as a fearsome assortment of thornlike spurs on its cheeks, brows, frill, and forehead.
Little of this formidable-looking headgear would have been much use in combat. Most of its probably was just for show, like ceremonial armor -- handy for bluffing down opponents and impressing females. If the bluff failed, the huge nasal horn could also be employed for ritual combat or defense. There is no way to tell whether styracosaurs were as garish as the model suggests, but it's reasonable to suppose that they and other ceratopsids evolved bright pigments to highlight their fancy trim.
The nasal horn of Styracosaurus was the last of its kind. Curiously, centrosaurs that came after Styracosaurus -- Einiosaurus, Achelosaurus, and Pachyrhinosaurus -- became less and less spiny. The transition from horn-heavy to hornless is shown on the following two pages. It can be traced for ten million years in the fossil record, one of the clearest evolutionary sequences known for any dinosaur.
EINIOSAURUS AND ACHELOSAURUS
When these two creatures from Montana burst on the scene in 1995, paleontologists could hardly believe it. It's rare to see a clear-cut example of missing links. Yet there they were, looking for all the world like a tidy transition between the spiky Styracosaurus and the spineless Pachyrhinosaurus. Einiosaurus, found in rocks about seventy-two million years old, came equipped with a pair of frill spikes and a nasal horn. The seventy-million-year-old Achelosaurus also had two spikes, but instead of a horn, its nose sported a roughened patch of bone called a boss -- a smaller version of the one on Pachyrhinosaurus.
The name Achelosaurus comes from Achelos, a Greek river god who turned himself into bull and lost a horn in a fight with Hercules. In centrosaurs the evolutionary shape-shifting was probably due to changes in geography. Einiosaurus and Achelosaurus lived at a time when rising oceans reached right up to the mountains, drowning low coastal plains and splitting the ceratopsids that lived there into isolated herds. Separate populations no longer share their genes, so each group can evolve in a different way. In this case the change took two million years -- an instant in geologic time.
PACHYRHINOSAURUS
As its many well-preserved fossils show, Pachyrhinosaurus was a superlative beast. It was the biggest centrosaur, the last to die out, and the most far flung. A Pachyrhinosaurus skull has been discovered on the North Slope of Alaska -- 350 miles from the position, at the time the animal lived, of the geographic north pole.
Perhaps most unusual of all is what Pachyrhinosaurus lacked: a horn. Young pachyrhinosaurs had small, bladelike nasal horns, but those crumbled away as the animals grew up, leaving adults with a massive rough boss, or buttress of bone, covering the top of the skull. In living animals the boss probably was capped by a knob of keratin, the same protein that makes up hair and fingernails.
Some paleontologists, however, suspect the "knob" of keratin may have been a spike -- possibly a big one. Rhinoceros horns, they point out, are made of keratin anchored in bony bosses on the animals' skulls. No such horn has ever been identified from a centrosaur, but keratin from beaks and claws of other dinosaurs has been discovered, and fossil-hunters are keeping their eyes peeled.
The skull in the photograph belonged to one unlucky animal. The bone under the eye was eaten away by infection; even the lower rim of the eye socket is missing. The abscess may have started as a wound from a fight, probably with another member of the herd. But whatever caused it, the infection wasn't fatal. The skull was found in a bone bed; its owner survived long enough to perish along with the herd in one common catastrophe.
ROOTS OF A LINEAGE
In sheer numbers and variety, the horned dinosaurs called ceratopsids were a North American success story. But they probably didn't start out there. Most paleontologists think they arose in Asia, the home of smaller, more primitive frilled dinosaurs called protoceratopsids. A new fossil I have been studying gives the "immigrant makes good" story an unexpected twist.
The fossil, which has not yet been given an official name, was found near the border between Arizona and New Mexico by Doug Wolfe of the Mesa Southwest Museum in Mesa, Arizona, and his son Christopher. In life it probably looked something like a baby Triceratops, with horns jutting out above each eye. It came from rocks between ninety-one million and ninety-two million years old.
That makes it older than Turanoceratops, a creature from Uzbekistan that had been considered the ancestor of all North American ceratopsids. The Wolfes' find may be an even stronger candidates, because, while clearly related to Turanoceratops, it is even more primitive. The key is in its teeth. Later North American ceratopsids all had specialized double-rooted teeth, which locked together efficiently for chewing. Turanoceratops had some double-rooted teeth and some older-style, single-rooted ones, By contrast, all of the new fossil's teeth were single-rooted.
The new horned dinosaur doesn't overturn the idea that horned dinosaurs originated in Asia, but it does show that fairly advanced ones roamed North America earlier than anyone had thought. Perhaps brow horns originated in North America, and Turanoceratops, Asia's only known ceratopsid, represents a short-lived lineage of reverse immigrants. The fossil also shows that brow horns evolved before double-rooted teeth did, something paleontologists had wondered about.
Source Citation
Kirkland, James. "Horns of plenty: when it comes to reconstructing spiny dinosaurs, too many bones can be as confusing as too few." Earth Dec. 1997: 26+. General OneFile. Web. 1 Feb. 2011.
Document URL
http://find.galegroup.com/gps/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&docId=A19931906&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=18551_mcpls&version=1.0
Gale Document Number:A19931906
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
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关键是排在美国地区的大型金融服务公司14家公司的最高类别，实现对所有网站的营销手法之一最强的分数评定。营销做法的调查的标准包括，如金融计算器，第三方内容产品，品种丰富，易于导航的能力，是一个互联网门户网站，所有这些都是Key.com发现，KeyCorp说。
一种新型的Web网站可以帮助忙碌的IDAHOANS简化他们的生活，使他们的休闲时间更省心，爱达荷电力服务说。
该网站 - www.HomeVantageRewards.com - 让市民购买来自爱达荷州电力服务产品在线，总经理迈克说Feiler先生能够为他们带来心灵的平静。 HomeVantage产品包括家电保修和维修，一氧化碳探测器，家庭浪涌保护，家庭安全监控和支付保护保险，以及互联网接入和卫星天线服务。
“我们的目标是帮助人们更充分地享受休闲时间有限，他们也有”Feiler先生说。 “HomeVantage产品让您花更少的时间约为喜欢老东西打破用具或是否担心你的家是安全的。
“另外，你可以支付你每月的电费爱达荷州，这意味着你必须写检查，以减少每月。对于HomeVantage产品”
博伊西，爱达荷州的电力服务是IDACORP公司，爱达荷电力公司的母公司消费者营销部门。有关HomeVantage，请拨打（800）750-3132。
国家投资公司爱德华琼斯最近发起一项进取和创新的计划，旨在大幅提高女性经纪人队伍，雪莱塞贝尔说，爱德华琼斯在凯旋的投资代表。
“爱德华琼斯加紧招募和联网工作，动员已为公司工作，成功的女性，”塞贝尔说。
该公司推出了其女性投资代表交换意见和解决问题的唯一的在投资领域的妇女论坛。该方案还注重通过为吸引和妇女网络资源进入这个行业的女性。
据塞贝尔，大约有12爱德华琼斯的投资占百分之代表女性，但该公司希望最终的比例提高到百分之五十。代表对女性的投资金融服务行业平均水平8个百分点。
“爱德华琼斯创造了女性和男性成功的气氛，说：”校长约翰W巴赫曼管理，谁发起了全力招募妇女。 “但我们已经作出了努力，了解妇女的需要从公司和爱德华琼斯确保满足这些需求。”
温德米尔，西北房地产网络推出的“滚动搜索”，这使的无线互联网用户通过网络搜索功能的手机其国内上市。
“发展Windermere.com功能在无线环境只不过是我们的理念的扩展，技术使客户和代理商说，”艾伦本森，温德米尔的首席技术官。
客户会议期间，该公司表示，温德米尔代理发觉精通技术的客户，其中许多人具有无线互联网接入上升。因此，温德米尔的编程技术组对Windermere.com的检索功能，工作在无线网络环境。推出7月25日，“滚搜索”允许无线用户搜索，如城市，价格标准温德米尔的家园数据库，如卧室和浴室的特点。
温德米尔提供了无线自1998年以来其代理人向公司的Intranet Web访问跟踪上市地位。
Windermere.com每月收到20多万的访问和功能的约102,000家上市，该公司表示。温德米尔有200家办事处和5000多个代理商服务的华盛顿州，俄勒冈州，爱达荷州和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省。
当心爱的人去世，悲痛的家属，往往是与决策有关葬礼几十面临的朋友们 - 必须作出很大的胁迫下迅速和频繁。
雪上加霜的压力：在很多消费者购买的最昂贵的将做葬礼排名，美国联邦贸易委员会说。
联邦贸易委员会的小册子称为“丧葬：消费者指南”地址在规划一个葬礼所涉及的许多问题。它引导消费者在规划过程中，告知其法律保护他们，并鼓励前需要的规划。
新刊物张贴在网上下www.ftc.gov“消费者权益保护。”此外，该手册的副本可免费从美国联邦贸易委员会，消费者反应中心，600宾夕法尼亚大道。西北，华盛顿特区，20580，或拨打免费（877）FTC-HELP（382-4357），或为听障，拓展署（202）326-2502。
波卡特洛 - 爱达荷州的电动委员会将于周四上午9:30在Cavanaughs波卡特洛酒店（又名西海岸波卡特洛酒店），1555波卡特洛河之路。
国家机电董事会每年召开全州每季度向相关规定和规则修改电气安全和电气许可。
委员会将审查行政法规和许可证/合规性问题。公众和电器行业的成员表示欢迎。欲了解更多信息，请致电334-2183爱达荷州国家电气局。
特温福尔斯 - 可进入性改善计划 - 新源的赠款，以帮助残疾人更容易让他们的家中生活 - 现在接受申请，爱达荷州住房和金融协会说。
AIP是供人买不起自己方便的修改或获得必要的工作完成其他类型的援助。
助学金的最高金额为5000美元，资金提供给合资格的租户和至少一个有残疾的修改谁将从受益家庭成员房主家庭。家庭收入必须低于80的国家中位数收入的百分之。公平的国内市场价值不能超过IHFA的贷款计划购买住宅的限制。
AIP是主办单位IHFA和美国住房和城市发展部。通过提供资金之间的平视显示器和投诉，对公平住房法规定的有关房屋的受访者无障碍标准可能违反和解协议。
三有独立生活中心已经与IHFA全州实施方案：残疾行动中心北（北爱达荷州），生活独立网络公司（西南爱达荷州）和生命公司（东部爱达荷州）。每个将接受并转发申请IHFA，提供技术援助，申请人和检查工作方案进行美元。
承租人的申请人须获得其业主的承认，他们已经通知了租房者的意图进行修改。根据公平住房法，业主不得拒绝合理的要求进行修改，以满足他们的需要。然而，他们可能需要租房存入代管帐户中的资金将用于恢复至原来状态的单位后，承租人搬出。飞航钱可能是用来实现这一代管存款。
申请人必须能够记录他们的残疾人的需求和收入的资格，并提交一份工作描述要完成，费用估计。 IHFA将储备先到先得，额满即止，并通知时，他们直接拨款已核准的申请人的钱。
经核实，工作已经圆满完成，IHFA将发行申请人的钱支付给承包商。
白肋烟 - 以爱达荷州南部微型桂皮中心学院是提供了各种类别，为企业和个人在八月初为中心，面向1600帕克大道。
其中包括：
- “终于回家”将于8月14日下午6-9和21。学员将学习有关的一步一步的计划置业的好处。课程完成可帮助新业主为减少按揭保险费的，一致的付款金额，关闭或其他特殊费用援助贷款计划的资格，组织者说。免费的类是与房主教育类公司的伙伴合作，提供包括爱达荷州的培训手册和嘉宾。
- “急救 - 当帮助被延迟”将于8月17日下午6-8。这两个小时的课程，旨在帮助他们准备和应对紧急情况，紧急医疗服务的反应可能需要30分钟或更长时间。一个有效的美国红十字会急救卡为25元类的先决条件。
铀浓缩计划是从八月到十二月，提供超过50个社区课程。九月的课程包括一些互联网研究;电子邮件基础;专业简历写作研讨会，电脑基础教程;婴儿及儿童心肺复苏术，摄影;速记;计算机概论，介绍Windows，微软2000;预防疾病传播，以及一个四部分损伤预防系列 - 人体工程学;预防腰部损伤，滑倒，绊倒和瀑布;和工作场所的暴力行为。
源引
“泰晤士报新闻，双瀑布，爱达荷州，商务简报列”。时报新闻[双子瀑布，爱达荷州] 2000年7月31日。一般OneFile。网站。 2010年11月17日。
文档网址
http://find.galegroup.com/gps/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=IPS&docId=CJ122010545&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=22054_acld&version=1.0
大风文件编号：CJ122010545
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